fouler aux pieds - translation to Αγγλικά
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fouler aux pieds - translation to Αγγλικά

HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS WHO UNDERWENT BASIC MEDICAL TRAINING AND WORKED IN RURAL VILLAGES IN CHINA
Barefoot doctors; Medecins Aux Pieds Nus; Médecins Aux Pieds Nus
  • Chen Zhu, China's former Minister of Health
  • A barefoot doctor performs acupuncture on a man
  • A depiction of a Chinese country doctor, analogous to the folk healers who fed into the barefoot doctor system
  • Photo from 1978 conference on primary health care in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan
  • MAPD's logo
  • Example of moxibustion

fouler aux pieds      
override, trample

Ορισμός

pied noir
[pje?'nw?:]
¦ noun (plural pieds noirs pronunciation same) a person of European origin who lived in Algeria during French rule, especially one who returned to Europe after Algerian independence.
Origin
Fr., lit. 'black foot', so named because of the western-style black leather shoes worn by the first colonists.

Βικιπαίδεια

Barefoot doctor

Barefoot doctors (Chinese: 赤脚医生; pinyin: chìjiǎo yīshēng) were healthcare providers who underwent basic medical training and worked in rural villages in China. They included farmers, folk healers, rural healthcare providers, and recent middle or secondary school graduates who received minimal basic medical and paramedical education. Their purpose was to bring healthcare to rural areas where urban-trained doctors would not settle. They promoted basic hygiene, preventive healthcare, and family planning and treated common illnesses. The name comes from southern farmers, who would often work barefoot in the rice paddies, and simultaneously worked as medical practitioners.

In the 1930s, the Rural Reconstruction Movement had pioneered village health workers trained in basic health as part of a coordinated system, and there had been provincial experiments after 1949, but after Mao Zedong's healthcare speech in 1965 the concept was developed and institutionalized. China's health policy began to emphasize the importance of barefoot doctors after Mao Zedong's June 26 directive, and, in 1968, the barefoot doctors program became integrated into national policy. These programs were called "rural cooperative medical systems" (RCMS) and worked to include community participation with the rural provision of health services.

Barefoot doctors became a part of the Cultural Revolution, which also radically diminished the influence of the Ministry of Health, which was filled with Western-trained doctors. Still, barefoot doctors continued to introduce scientific medicine to rural areas by merging it with Chinese medicine. With the onset of market-oriented reforms after the Cultural Revolution, political support for barefoot doctors dissipated, and "health-care crises of peasants substantially increased after the system broke down in the 1980s." Despite the fact that the official barefoot doctor system came to an end, the legacy of the barefoot doctors inspired the 1978 World Health Organization conference on primary health care and the resulting Alma Ata Declaration.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για fouler aux pieds
1. Jai toujours cette impression quun jour ce pouvoir allait fouler aux pieds le sacrifice de ceux qui ont combattu le terrorisme.
2. Oui, si Guantanamo n‘existait pas, et si les Etats–Unis n‘avaient pas décidé de fouler aux pieds les Conventions de Gen';ve dont ils sont signataires, l‘affaire serait plus simple.
3. Et puis, conclut un député, le démocrate du centre bâlois «ne risque pas de violer les r';gles ou d‘organiser des fuites comme a pu le faire Christoph Blocher». Floril';ge de propos rageurs ŕ la tribune Valentine Zubler, et Bernard Wutrich • 7 décembre 2005: «Le groupe UDC vous demande de ne pas élire le conseiller fédéral Leuenberger ŕ la présidence de la Confédération. [...] Son département doit enfin ętre conduit avec force et ne saurait s‘accommoder d‘un chef absent ŕ cause de sa fonction présidentielle.» • 12 décembre 2007 (élection d‘Eveline Widmer–Schlumpf): «Vous ętes sur le point de fouler aux pieds la démocratie.» • 13 décembre 2007: «Vous, les plus petits partis, vous vous ętes concertés et avez précisément exclu le parti qui a gagné les élections fédérales d‘octobre.